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[centos] name=sohu-centos baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch gpgcheck=1 enable=0 gpgkey=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 [epel] name=sohu-epel baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/$releasever/$basearch/ enable=1 gpgcheck=0
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拓扑图：
拓扑图的规划：
| IP地址 | 软件 |
Master | 172.16.22.1(VIP：172.16.22.100) | keepalived+nginx |
Backup | 172.16.22.2(VIP：172.16.22.100) | keepalived+nginx |
apache1 | 172.16.22.3 | httpd |
apache2 | 172.16.22.4 | httpd |
此架构需考虑的问题
1）、Master没挂，则Master占有vip且nginx运行在Master上
2）、Master挂了，则backup抢占vip且在backup上运行nginx服务
3）、如果master服务器上的nginx服务挂了，则vip资源转移到backup服务器上
4）、检测后端服务器的健康状态
Master和Backup两边都开启nginx服务，无论Master还是Backup，当其中的一个keepalived服务停止后，vip都会漂移到keepalived服务还在的节点上，
如果要想使nginx服务挂了，vip也漂移到另一个节点，则必须用脚本或者在配置文件里面用shell命令来控制。
首先必须明确后端服务器的健康状态检测keepalived在这种架构上是无法检测的，后端服务器的健康状态检测是有nginx来判断的，但是nginx的检测机制有一定的缺陷，后端服务器某一个宕机之后，nginx还是会分发请求给它，在一定的时间内后端服务响应不了，nginx则会发给另外一个服务器，然后当客户的请求来了，nginx会一段时间内不会把请求分发给已经宕机的服务器，但是过一段时间后，nginx还是会把分发请求发给宕机的服务器上。
一、安装keepalived+nginx
Master：
1、安装keepalived和编译安装nginx
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[root@jie1
~]#
yum -y install keepalived
[root@jie1
~]#tar
xf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz
[root@jie1
~]#yum
-y groupinstall "Development tools" "Server Platform Development"
[root@jie1
~]#yum
-y install pcre-devel
[root@jie1
~]#
cd nginx-1.4.2
[root@jie1
nginx-1.4.2]#
groupadd nginx
[root@jie1
nginx-1.4.2]#
useradd -r -g nginx nginx
[root@jie1
nginx-1.4.2]#./configure
\
--prefix=/usr\
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx\
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
\
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
\
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log
\
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid
\
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock
\
--user=nginx
\
--group=nginx
\
--with-http_ssl_module
\
--with-http_flv_module
\
--with-http_stub_status_module
\
--with-http_gzip_static_module
\
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/\
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/\
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/\
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi\
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi\
--with-pcre
[root@jie1
nginx-1.4.2]#
make && make install
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2、提供nginx的system V服务脚本文件
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[root@jie1
nginx-1.4.2]#
vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
#
#
nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
#
chkconfig: - 85 15
#
description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#
proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
#
processname: nginx
#
config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#
config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
#
pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
#
Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
#
Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
#
Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING"= "no"]
&& exit0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename$nginx)
NGINX_C/code>"/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[
-f /etc/sysconfig/nginx]
&& . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs()
{
#
make required directories
user=`nginx
-V 2>&1 | grep"configure
arguments:"| sed's/[^*]*--user=\([^
]*\).*/\1/g'-`
opti
-V 2>&1 | grep'configure
arguments:'`
foropt in$options; do
if[
`echo$opt
| grep'.*-temp-path'`
]; then
value=`echo$opt
| cut-d "="-f
2`
if[
! -d "$value"]; then
#
echo "creating" $value
mkdir-p
$value && chown-R
$user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start()
{
[
-x $nginx ] || exit5
[
-f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit6
make_dirs
echo-n
$"Starting
$prog: "
daemon
$nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[
$retval -eq0 ] && touch$lockfile
return$retval
}
stop()
{
echo-n
$"Stopping
$prog: "
killproc
$prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[
$retval -eq0 ] && rm-f
$lockfile
return$retval
}
restart()
{
configtest
|| return$?
stop
sleep1
start
}
reload()
{
configtest
|| return$?
echo-n
$"Reloading
$prog: "
killproc
$nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload()
{
restart
}
configtest()
{
$nginx
-t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status()
{
status
$prog
}
rh_status_q()
{
rh_status
>/dev/null2>&1
}
case"$1"in
start)
rh_status_q
&& exit0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q
|| exit0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q
|| exit7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q
|| exit0
;;
*)
echo$"Usage:
$0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit2
esac
[root@jie1
nginx-1.4.2]#
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
[root@jie1
nginx-1.4.2]#
service nginx start
Starting
nginx: [ OK ]
[root@jie1
nginx-1.4.2]#
scp -p /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx 172.16.22.2:/etc/rc.d/init.d #把nginx的服务脚本复制到backup上，-p是保持原有的权限
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3、修改配置文件
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[root@jie1
~]#
cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@jie1
keepalived]#
vim keepalived.conf
global_defs
{
notification_email
{
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from
admin@localhost
smtp_server
127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout
30
router_id
LTT
}
vrrp_script
chk_nginx { #检测nginx服务是否在运行有很多方式，比如进程，用脚本检测等等
script "killall
-0 nginx" #用shell命令检查nginx服务是否存在
interval
1 #时间间隔为1秒检测一次
weight
-2 #当nginx的服务不存在了，就把当前的权重-2
fall
2 #测试失败的次数
rise
1 #测试成功的次数
}
vrrp_instance
IN_1 {
state
MASTER
interface
eth0
virtual_router_id
22
priority
100
advert_int
1
authentication
{
auth_type
PASS
auth_pass
aaaa
}
virtual_ipaddress
{
172.16.22.100
}
track_script
{
chk_nginx #引用上面的vrrp_script定义的脚本名称
}
}
[root@jie1
keepalived]#scp
keepalived.conf 172.16.22.2:/etc/keepalived #把配置文件copy到Backup服务器上，copy之前要保证Backup服务器上面已经安装了keepalived
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4、开启keepalived和nginx的服务
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[root@jie1
keepalived]#
service keepalived start
Starting
keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@jie1
keepalived]#
chkconfig --add keepalived
[root@jie1
keepalived]#
chkconfig keepalived on
[root@jie1
~]#
service nginx start
Starting
nginx: [ OK ]
[root@jie1
~]#
chkconfig --add nginx
[root@jie1
~]#
chkconfig nginx on
|
Backup：
1、安装keepalived和编译安装nginx
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[root@jie2
~]#
yum -y install keepalived
[root@jie2
~]#tar
xf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz
[root@jie2
~]#yum
-y groupinstall "Development tools" "Server Platform Development"
[root@jie2
~]#yum
-y install pcre-devel
[root@jie2
~]#
cd nginx-1.4.2
[root@jie2
nginx-1.4.2]#
groupadd nginx
[root@jie2
nginx-1.4.2]#
useradd -r -g nginx nginx
[root@jie2
nginx-1.4.2]#./configure
\
--prefix=/usr \
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
\
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
\
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log
\
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid
\
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock
\
--user=nginx
\
--group=nginx
\
--with-http_ssl_module
\
--with-http_flv_module
\
--with-http_stub_status_module
\
--with-http_gzip_static_module
\
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
--with-pcre
[root@jie2
nginx-1.4.2]#
make && make install
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2、之前 已经从Master复制了nginx的system V服务脚本文件，启动nginx服务
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[root@jie2
~]#
service nginx start
Starting
nginx: [ OK ]
[root@jie2
~]#
chkconfig --add nginx
[root@jie2
~]#
chkconfig nginx on
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3、修改配置文件
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[root@jie2
~]#
cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@jie2
keepalived]#
vim keepalived.conf #此配置文件是从Master服务器上copy过来，只需小小改动
state
BACKUP #把这里原先的MASTER改成BACKUP
priority
99 #把这里原先的100改成99
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4、开启服务
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[root@jie2
keepalived]#
service keepalived start
Starting
keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@jie2
keepalived]#
chkconfig --add keepalived
[root@jie2
keepalived]#
chkconfig keepalived on
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apache1：
1、安装(博主这里用rpm包安装，各位朋友可以用源码编译安装)
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[root@jie3
~]# yum -y install httpd
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2、建立测试网页文件
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[root@jie3
~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@jie3
html]# cat index.html #建一个测试网页
this is apache1
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3、开启服务
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[root@jie3
html]# service httpd start
Starting
httpd: [ OK ]
[root@jie3
html]# chkconfig --add httpd
[root@jie3
html]# chkconfig httpd on
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apache2：
1、安装(博主这里用rpm包安装，各位朋友可以用源码编译安装)
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[root@jie4
~]# yum -y install httpd
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2、建立测试网页文件
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2
3
[root@jie4
~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@jie4
html]# cat index.html #建一个测试网页
this is apache2
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3、开启服务
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[root@jie4
html]# service httpd start
Starting
httpd: [ OK ]
[root@jie4
html]# chkconfig --add httpd
[root@jie4
html]# chkconfig httpd on
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此致所有安装已经完成。
二、nginx实现后端realserver的负载均衡，由于两边的配置文件必须保持一致，所以在Master配置完后直接copy到Backup上
Master：
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[root@jie1
~]#
cd /etc/nginx/
[root@jie1
nginx]#
grep -v "#" nginx.conf | grep -v "^$"
worker_processes
1;
events
{
worker_connections
1024;
}
http
{
include
mime.types;
default_type
application/octet-stream;
sendfile
on;
keepalive_timeout
65;
upstream
apacheweb { #定义负载均衡的模块
server
172.16.22.3:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=2s;
server
172.16.22.4:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=2s;
}
server
{
listen
80;
server_name
localhost;
location
/ {
root
html;
index
index.html index.htm;
}
error_page
500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location
= /50x.html
{
root
html;
}
location
~ \.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ {
root /var/www/html; #此处定义后端服务器网页存放路径
proxy_pass
http://apacheweb;
}
}
}
[root@jie1
nginx]#
scp nginx.conf 172.16.22.2:/etc/nginx
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两边分别重启服务
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[root@jie2
nginx]#
service nginx restart
nginx:
the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
syntax is ok
nginx:
configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is
successful
Stopping
nginx: [ OK ]
Starting
nginx: [ OK ]
[root@jie2
nginx]#
service nginx restart
nginx:
the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
syntax is ok
nginx:
configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is
successful
Stopping
nginx: [ OK ]
Starting
nginx: [ OK ]
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验证负载均衡：
本博客只是简单的用nginx做了方向代理和静态页面的负载均衡，keepalived+nginx实现高可用的nginx的动静分离，读写分离，后续会持续更新
以上就介绍了keepalived+nginx实现nginx的高可用，包括了方面的内容，希望对PHPjrs看球网直播吧_低调看直播体育app软件下载_低调看体育直播有兴趣的朋友有所帮助。
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